Globalization and the Multinational Corporation Multiple...

International Financial Management, 2e (Bekaert / Hodrick) Chapter 1 Globalization and the Multinational Corporation 1.1 Multiple Choice Easy 1) Which of the following was created in an effort to promote free trade? A) World Trade Organization B) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act C) multilateral development banks D) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Answer: A 2) Which one of the following is an investment from which the payoff over time is derived from the performance of an underlying asset? A) a common stock certificate B) a derivative security C) a corporate bond D) a mortgage bond Answer: B 3) What is the name for the shifting of non-strategic functions to specialist firms to reduce costs? A)†¦show more content†¦D) a single European currency managed by a European central bank. Answer: D 18) The European Union is a free trade association that is based on a(n) A) economic and monetary union. B) economic union. C) monetary union. D) a commonly agreed upon list of lowered tariffs. Answer: A 19) Which one of the following has a single currency managed by a common central bank? A) ASEAN B) European Union C) World Trade Organization D) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Answer: B 20) Which one of the following is renowned for its high-quality databases on economic and social data? A) WTO B) EU C) OECD D) World Bank Answer: C 21) What is the name of the international organization that fosters monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks? A) WTO B) EU C) World Bank D) Bank for International Settlements Answer: D 22) Which of the following are institutional banks that provide financial support and professional advice for developing countries? A) multilateral development banks B) central banks C) investment banks D) Barclays bank Answer: A 23) What economic field of study explores the problems associated with a firm that arise from a separation of ownership and control and devises ways to resolve them? A) futures and options B) agency theory C) foreign direct investment D) franchising Answer: B 24) State-owned investmentShow MoreRelatedMarketing Ch-91075 Words   |  5 PagesPF16- 09 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _C___ 1. According to your text, ____ are small technology-based firms operating in international markets within two years of their establishment and realizing as much as 70 percent of their sales outside the domestic home market. a.|natural globals| b.|multinational corporations| c.|born globals| d.|born multinationals| e.|multinational enterprises| __B__ 2. The Mont BlancRead MoreIntroduction. While Organizations Are Complex And Seemingly1457 Words   |  6 Pagesincreases when it expands outside its home borders. Multinational corporations have carefully weighed the pros and cons of moving to a global level and developed a solid understanding of the various cultures in countries worldwide. This understanding is not always as solid as managers may think because uncertainties and other areas not considered arise. These may include formulating strategies, managing risks, or motivating people from multiple cultures. What of leadership styles? Often organizationsRead MoreMarketing and Easy Ref994 Words   |  4 Pagesa pan-regional marketing strategy. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 7-8 NAT: Analytic | Diversity 3. The formation of NAFTA encourages more multinational companies to adopt multidomestic strategies. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 8 NAT: Analytic | Diversity 4. The volume of international trade is decreasing due to globalization. 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The Reconstruction Essay - 925 Words

The Reconstruction Reconstruction is defined as the period following the Civil War in which the Republican-dominated Federal government sought to reunite the Union; the measure included drastically remodeling Southern society in order to secure equality and independence for blacks through granting them various freedoms. Many historians believe that in order to fully understand the modern United States, one must understand Reconstruction. Studying it, therefore, has been a top priority amongst historians. Over the years, three main schools of thought have developed concerning Reconstruction. The Dunning School viewed the Northern Republicans as tyrannical leaders who pushed aside the governments†¦show more content†¦Following the Civil War, many blacks argued that their hard work as slaves entitled them to a portion of their former masters land. Southern whites, however, denied the blacks of this arguable right. It was left up to the state governments to take action and issue land distributi on plans. The strong opposition from whites and even some Republicans to black land ownership, based on racism and fears of economic instability, stifled any government action. Left in poverty, many blacks, Burns argues, were forced to depend on their former masters for work, developing strict bargaining relationships with them in exchange for the paternalistic one that had existed during slavery. Foner argues that this dependence was not all bad; blacks were able to embrace the free-market, saving up money to purchase small luxuries, such as clothing and different foods. Ultimately, however, no land was distributed and Reconstruction failed to provide blacks with economic autonomy. Burns argues, through evaluation of other regions where slaves were emancipated, that if land had been distributed, blacks would have been productive on it. 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Types of Breast Reconstruction Procedures Available Near Brickell For some patients, reconstruction can begin during their mastectomy. Other patients may choose to have their breast reconstruction at some point after their mastectomy. Typically, breast reconstruction surgery involves several surgical sessionsRead More Reconstruction Essay932 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction took place after the end of the civil war. The reason for reconstruction was to put the union back together and free the slaves once and for all. Reconstruction took three eras to be completed. The first was Lincoln, the second Andrew Johnson, and the third was the Congressional â€Å"hard plan.† The Lincoln era lasted from 1863-1865. On December of 1863 the decree of â€Å"soft plan† was introduced. The â€Å"soft plan† included amnesty for the southerners that took the loyalty oath. It alsoRead MoreReconstruction Vs Republican Reconstruction Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pagesappearance of the Reconstruction Era in 1865. It was a period in which Americans â€Å"put the pieces together†. People were split after the Civil War, some wanted to reconstruct the Confederate states- where it is politically and economically damaged- and the others wanted to have revenge against the South because they caused the war that resulted with memories of death and suffer the Americans had to endure. And that was a reason of the emerging of the Presidential Reconstruction and the Republican

Adolf Hitler as a Terrorist free essay sample

Adolf Hitler, the famous Germany dictator and leader of National Socialist German Workers Party, commonly referred to as the Nazi Party, lived between April 20, 1889 and April 30, 1945; almost exactly fifty-six years. For the first thirty years of his life, he was an obscure failure; becoming a local celebrity almost overnight before becoming a man around whom the whole world policy revolved when he became Germany’s Chancellor in 1933 before turning his rule into a total dictatorship. Adolf Hitler was responsible for the outbreak of the Second World War and the Holocaust that resulted in the killing of 6 million Jews. He was born in Braun au am Inn, a small town on the border of Austria and Germany. After becoming a decorated veteran of World War I, he joined the German Workers’ Party in 1919. He later became the leader of the party (now called NSDAP or Nazi) in 1921 (Haugen, 2006). With the failure of a revolution called the â€Å"Beer Hall Putsch† in November, 1923, by the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler and his conspirators were imprisoned. This made young Hitler to vow that he would take power â€Å"legally†. After his release, Hitler gained massive popularity in Germany by constantly attacking the Treaty of Versailles that had been imposed on the country after the First World War With his great oratory skills, and anti-Semitism and anticommunism ideologies Hitler quickly rose through the ranks of German leadership, being appointed Chancellor in 1933 before transforming the country into a single-party dictatorship (Davidson, 1997). His aim to establish Nazi rule throughout Europe led to the outbreak of World War II. He committed suicide in 1945 to avoid capture after Germany’s defeat. Hitler rose to power on the backs of his own terrorist organizations. Hitler had been seeking to become the leader of German since the early 1920s. Hitler believed in the power of terror. He illustrated in his private conversations, speeches and books. In his famous book â€Å"Mein Kampf† he writes: â€Å"Terrorism is a form of propaganda, a political weapon that can be use to instill fear, horror and indignation, to destroy and sap out the will of people. Through fear and terror one can demand obedience and blind submission. Through death and terror (and the promise of more terror to come), the terrorist will conquer all opposition. Terror is a political weapon and its purpose will force capitulation†. This summarizes Hitler’s view of terrorism; that terror is the most effective form of politics (Nicholls, 2006). To the Nazis and Hitler, absolute control and constant intimidation of opponents was an important component of the fascist-controlled state. Adolf Hitler organized several extensive organizations within the National Socialist Party to ensure that nobody challenged his power in Germany or any other state that came under their control during the drive to annihilate continental Europe during the Second World War. This pattern of terrorist organization can be traced back to 1922 when Hitler organized his Sturmabteilung (the â€Å"Storm Troops†), commonly known as the SA, whose uniforms included the distinctive brown shirts. In 1926, Nazi leaders created another power group known as the SS (officially called the Schurtzstaffel), or the â€Å"Security Guards†. Initially, the SS was conceived as a branch of the SA, but by the 1930s, the group had become two different entities (Hook, 2011). These groups (the SS and the SA) frequently practiced intimidation, kidnappings, beatings, torture, and murder to achieve Nazi’s political goals. When Adolf Hitler became Germany’s chancellor in 1933, he created a secret state police, called the Geheime Staatspolizei, or the â€Å"Gestapo†. Its duty was to intimidate the German people and arrest anybody suspected of being anti-Nazi and questioning Hitler’s authority. The Gestapo also had a branch called the SD, or Sicherheitsdienst. This was the security service which infiltrated every branch of the German government to assist the Nazis in maintaining power and exposed the alleged enemies of the party. Such organizations reveal how fundamental hate was within the Nazi regime. The individual Nazi leaders most responsible for these institutions were Goebbels and Himmler. Both aimed to spread Hitler’s racial ideas and give them some structure, although their methods differed greatly. Goebbels strove to operate within the rules of the Nazi Regime while Himmler transcended them by creating a new system (Lifton, 2000). The SA was initially formed to provide security in Nazi gatherings and campaign speeches against disruptions and assaults by members of rival parties. Its activities quickly changed to include assaults on the activities of other parties. SA men would attempt to disrupt the gatherings and campaign speeches for rival political parties, particularly left wing. They would also attack leftist marchers when they were demonstrating or attempt to generate a confrontation. At times they invaded party reading rooms and newspaper offices. SA’s terrorist activities were not just limited to secular and political violence; they played an important role in terrorizing and capturing Jews and other groups that did not fit Hitler’s ideology of a racially pure German state. The application of Nazi ideas and ideology was based on two types of force against individuals and social groups. One of these took the form of propaganda and indoctrination, the other was based on terror (Ku? hl, 2002). The Nazi ensured that not to appear illegal and unconstitutional, they maintained the basic structure of the Weimar Republic while sublimely adding a Nazified layer. The same applied to the process of indoctrination and propaganda. Germany’s ministry of education was fully centralized as part of the campaign to destroy the autonomy. This was done to Nazify all schools through the teaching of a common curriculum which taught subjects closely similar to the Nazi ideology. Also a new institution was created in March 1933 called the Ministry of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda. It controlled all areas of propaganda such as radio, press, and film while heavily influencing cultural output in form of music, fine arts and literature. Another organization created purely for the purpose of spreading propaganda was the 1936 law on the Hitler Youth, which legalized the institution that had existed since the coming to power of the Third Reich (Ku? l, 2002). Nazis primary ideology was National Socialism and it was closely related fascism that was practiced in neighboring Italy by the dictator Benito Mussolini. The primary tenets of this ideology were nationalism, anti-Semitism and racism (Ku? hl, 2002). It claimed that Aryans were the most superior of all races. To maintain the purity of Germany’s Aryan race, Hitler strove to exterminate Jews, Romani (Gypsies), the physically and mentally disabled. Other groups that were considered inferior by the Third Reich included blacks and homosexuals. Nazis also believed in the expansion of Germany’s territories to gain â€Å"living space† (Lebensraum) for the German people. Nazis knew that use of propaganda and imposing their ideologies would be a sure way to cement Hitler’s leadership and ensure the Third Reich survived. They were particularly keen to teach these ideas to young citizens, since it effectively ensured that if they grew up they would be loyal to Hitler and the Nazi Party. In order to indoctrinate children and the youth they were taught how successful the Nazis had been. In Biology and Race Studies, they were taught that the Aryan race (Germanic and North European) was better than any other, particularly individuals with African or Semitic descent (Leitz, 2000). The democracy in Germany effectively ended when Hitler began dismantling the democratic elements of the constitution after being appointed the chancellor in 1933. The end of the Weimar Republic set both Hitler and the Nazi Party firmly on the path that ultimately led to outbreak of the Second World War and the Holocaust. Violence and terrorism became an integral part of the Weimar Republic. When Hitler failed to capture power during the Beer Hall Putsch, he did not give up on the use of violence to achieve his ends; the violence simply took new forms to ensure that he became Germany’s leader â€Å"legally†. He achieved this by forming the ubiquitous SS and SA groups. Due to rejection of Nazi Party by urban voters during its early attempts to gain power, the Nazis decided to concentrate on the countryside to recruit voters and encourage the youth to join its terrorist groups. Romantic nationalism, strong religious beliefs which made them vulnerable to anti-Semitism, along with economic difficulties, made rural populations a perfect target for Nazi propaganda. Playing on the increasingly popular issue of nationalism, the Nazis emphasized that peasantry had a special status of being the true nobility of what Germany should be, because they were the purest form of the Aryan race which in essence made them the racial backbone of the nation. The Nazis told them the Jewish bankers and capitalists, and the Marxists that controlled the government were a threat to the economic existence of this group. They promised rural peasants tax reliefs, agrarian reforms, and the total elimination of indebtedness (Hook, 2011). Such propaganda was part of an intensive recruitment drive in rural areas and small towns, where the Nazis ensured that they kept a constant pace of activities. They saturated numerous districts with demonstrations and parades; presented countless lectures aimed at addressing several economic and local issues, organized entertainment events which they appropriately ensured portrayed patriotic and Nazi-oriented films. The major political parties of that time had not paid such a level of attention to the peasantry, and thus the sympathy for the Nazis increased accordingly. In the small towns, Nazis presented an image of their party as one that was championing for the traditional German right and not as revolutionaries. Their primary goal was the rejuvenation of Germany, and they constantly attacked the current government as a pawn of the allies who had effectively ensured that Germany was a slave among nations the moment they agreed to sign the Treaty of Versailles (Davidson, 1997). They downplayed their previous socialist ideals, as they strove to portray themselves as defending the rights of the middle class and ownership of private property, which they considered to be under threat due to Marxism, big businesses, and control of Germany’s financial institutions by foreigners and Jews. Nazi speakers addressed middle class problems in rural areas, exploiting fears and prejudices of this social class, while their propagandists saturated major towns with leaflets and posters. The Nazi tactic of penetration proved to be very effective in both the major towns and in rural areas, as they continued to infiltrate various organizations and Nazify them. Moreover, they managed to penetrate numerous middle-class professional, business, and student associations in major towns. Their desire to attract middle-class individuals was partially due to the need to staff the party’s ranks with more competent and more intelligent bureaucrats. The influx of educated individuals into the party in the late twenties showed positive results of their recruitment campaign, just as the continual growth in membership from the countryside was an encouraging sign of the party’s increasing popularity. More youth were also willing to join its SA and SS ranks, which were tasked with terrorizing opposition into submission. This gave the party a reputation for organizational effectiveness, dynamism and determination. Concrete results for the party were immediately evident. The NSDAP almost doubled in size in 1929, and by the end of that year the SA had grown in strength; it now has 100,000 fighters, equaling the size of the German army at that time (Davidson, 1997). Nothing embodied the terrorist activities of the Nazi regime like the Holocaust. On January 20, 1942, fifteen high-ranking Nazi Party and government leaders gathered to coordinate logistics for carrying out the â€Å"final solution to the Jewish question†. The â€Å"Final Solution† was the Nazi’s codename for deliberate planned mass murder of all European Jews. They calculated that 11 million European Jews from more than 20 countries would be killed in their master plan. During months before the conference, special units made up of the SS, the elite guards of the Nazi state, and police personnel, known as Einsatzgruppen, had slaughtered Jews in mass shootings on the territory of the Soviet Union that German troops had occupied. Six weeks before the meeting, the Nazis began to murder Jews at Chelmno, Poland. Here SS and police personnel used sealed vans into which they pumped carbon monoxide to suffocate their victims to death (Haugen, 2006). Throughout the 1942, trainloads of Jewish men, women and children were transported from countries all over Europe to a massive concentration camp in Auschwitz, Treblinka and four other major extermination centers in German-occupied Poland. By the years end, more than 4 million Jews had been killed. During the Second World War (1939-1945), the Nazi government and their collaborators killed or indirectly caused the deaths of up to 6 million Jews (Leitz, 2000). Hitler and other Nazi ideologues regarded Jews as a dangerous â€Å"race† whose very existence threatened the biological purity and superiority of the Aryan race. To secure the help of thousands of individuals to implement the â€Å"Final Solution†, the Nazi regime exploited existing prejudice against Jews in Germany and other countries that had been conquered by or allied to Germany. After the war turned against Germany, the SS decided to evacuate concentration camps outside Germany to prevent liberation of prisoners. Several inmates died during the long journeys on foot known as â€Å"death marches†. The American government did not pursue a policy of rescue of victims in Nazi concentration camps during World War II. Like their British counterparts, the U. S. military and political leaders argued that winning the war should be the top priority since it would bring an end to the Nazi terror. Once the war erupted, security concerns, amplified partly by anti-Semitism, influenced the U. S. State Department (led by the Secretary of State Cordell Hull) and the U. S. government to do little to ease restrictions on entry visas for Jews seeking asylum. In January 1944, President Roosevelt established the War Refugee Board within the U. S. reasury department to facilitate the rescue of refuges from Germany (Yeadon Hawkins, 2008). Fort Ontario, located in Oswego, New York, began to serve as an ostensibly free port for refugees from the territories that had been liberated by Allied forces. The above factors clearly illustrate that Adolf Hitler was clearly a terrorist, only with bigger ambitions and power that enabled him to execute one of the most heinous crimes against humanities. He used several tactics employed by today’s terrorist cells including al Qaeda of propaganda, promise of liberation, racism and religious intolerance. Just like most terrorist leaders, Hitler was not motivated by material gain, but by political goals disguised under religion that they believe is furthered by their actions.

Two Scavengers in a Truck Essay Example For Students

Two Scavengers in a Truck Essay Compare Nothings Changed with Two Scavengers in a Truck, showing how the poets reveal their ideas and feelings about the particular cultures and traditions that they are writing about  Both poets convey strong ideas about the inherent divisions that are inherent in modern-day society. Afrika conveys his ideas by writing about racial discrimination and segregation in South Africa, informing the reader about the differences in the quality of life for Blacks and Whites. Ferlinghetti, however, decides to tackle the theme of social/wealth divide in San Francisco, U.S.A. Afrika also describes the landscape, nature and setting in much more vivid detail, using it to represent the history of District Six. Ferlinghetti, who focuses on the people who are the protagonists of his poem. Although set in two very different locations; one in a third world country and another in a developed country, both poets deal with the issue of inequality and prejudice. We will write a custom essay on Two Scavengers in a Truck specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Afrika and Ferlinghetti both feel very strongly about inequality in society and how people can be discriminated against due to their skin colour or social class. The reader is able to tell that Afrika feels strongly about his particular culture and traditions because he tells part of the poem in first person (singular and plural): I back from the glass and We know where we belong. In this way he vividly conveys the emotions that Black people suffer as a result of discrimination, as he becomes a part of them. Afrika demonstrates the suppressed anger and resentment that clearly bubbles beneath the surface when he says: the hot white inwards turning of my eyes. Through his use of harsh images such as brash with glass, it squats and the symbolism of danger, blood and violence behind the image of a single red rose, he demonstrates his strong emotions on the issue of discrimination. Ferlinghetti seems to feel slightly less strongly, as he expresses his ideas in a way that is less harsh and jarring, in comparison with Afrikas use of language. Ferlinghetti conveys his ideas in a more ambiguous manner. For example, the last line of his poem: across the small gulf in the high seas of this democracy could be interpreted as either Ferlinghetti showing his disapproval for a society which allows such divisions to arise, or illustrating his approval for a society which allows such diverse lifestyles to co-exist with alongside each other. However, it is clear that Ferlinghetti feels strongly about the divisions (whether in positive or negative light) that wealth can bring, as throughout the poem, he continually contrasts the two garbage men and the beautiful people. For example, in the first stanza, he illustrates the difference in physical height between the garbage men looking down onto the people in the Mercedes, who are down below. This could demonstrate how Ferlinghetti believes that although the beautiful people are higher up in the social ladder, they are lower down in the moral standpoint of things. In the second and third stanza, Ferlinghetti contrasts their appearances; the casually coifed woman with the gargoyle Quasimodo. All this infers to the reader that the beautiful people are very much more image-obsessed and fake, in comparison to the garbage men, and perhaps they are the ones that are the scavengers. Afrika begins by using a succession of one-syllable words, sets a harsh, uncomfortable tone for the rest of the poem. Also in the first stanza, Afrika uses sibilance at the end of words, such as the phrase seeding grasses thrust, which is an awkward and almost unnatural sound pattern, adding to the image of an harsh, unwelcoming environment. His use of onomatopoeias also adds to this distinctly coarse atmosphere. .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 , .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .postImageUrl , .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 , .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447:hover , .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447:visited , .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447:active { border:0!important; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447:active , .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447 .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6bd21498b329f4e21bb9c1349314e447:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Politics and the English Language EssayFor example, Afrikas use of click and crunch appeals to the readers aural sense, which increases the impact of his vivid images and creates a jarring effect. Afrika follows this with a stanza almost completely devoted to illustrating the physical effect of his anger, through descriptions of the labouring of my lungs and the hot, white inwards turning of my eyes. This, combined with his repetition of the word and creates a accumulating effect and the reader is able to empathise with the anger that is building up within him. Afrikas sensory and rather vulgar images, such as wipe your fingers on your jeans and spit a little on the floor used in contrast with the crushed white glass and linen falls of the previous stanza, shows his bitterness and resentment against the difference in the restaurants that Blacks are allowed to go to and the ones that will accept Whites only inn. The climax of the poem is the use of harsh, violent images, where Afrika mentions how his hands burn for a bomb to shiver down the glass, which leaves the reader with a feeling of desperation and helplessness. Ferlinghetti does not use a distinctive pattern for his first stanza, or in the rest of his poem. He does, however, use sibilance in the second stanza, when he describes the woman wearing a short skirt and colored stockings, which is preceded with the oxymoron and alliteration of casually coifed. This combination of factors makes the woman and man in the Mercedes seem as if they are trying very hard to be noticed and to appear flawless. The contrast between the garbage men and beautiful people is highlighted when Ferlinghetti goes as far as to differentiate their smells. He describes the people in the Mercedes like an odourless TV ad, which alongside the (most probably) pungent smell of the garbage truck is very weak and almost unreal, illustrating how the beautiful people are perhaps merely an image of perfection, not reality. The structure of these two poems is very terms of style and even shape. Nothings changed is more conventional in terms of the shape of the stanzas. All the lines start at the same place on the left-hand side of the page. Afrika generally follows the style of conventional poetry, with the majority of the stanzas containing roughly the same length of lines and number of lines. However, Afrika does use enjambment, which Ferlinghetti also uses in his poem. Ferlinghetti embraces the culture of beat poetry fully, in throwing aside the conventional, traditional ideas of how poetry should be written. Two scavengers, Two beautiful people in a Mercedes is shaped in such a way that it physically reflects the social divide, as the poem can be split into two in various different ways and still managing to remain coherent. For example, the lines that start on the left hand side can be read without those that start slightly indented and vice-versa. This could perhaps be an effort by Ferlinghetti to illustrate how the lives of the garbage men and beautiful can co-exist with each other without ever coinciding. Ferlinghettis use of enjambment and indented lines forces the reader to pause in certain places, which isolates and highlights important lines. This is clearly evident in the last stanza, where the final three lines are spaced out in such a way that causes the reader to slow down and pause at the end of every line. This draws attention to the meaning behind the lines. Both poets tell the reader something different; Afrika focuses on the consequences of racial division and discrimination, showing how such treatment can breed hatred, resentment and violent retaliation. Ferlinghetti chooses to explore the theme of the division that wealth can bring. He raises the question of how society can allow such divisions to arise and how America (and the Western World) has become so commercialised that these so-called beautiful people are in fact fake and have lost grip with reality. Ferlinghetti leaves it open to interpretation as to whether the garbage men are envious of the beautiful peoples wealth and material possessions or whether they are more content with their honest, frugal lifestyle. However, both poets convey the fact that in our modern day democratic society, divisions are evident, be it racial, monetary or otherwise.

Free Essays on big man

Personal Computers Introduction Traditional computer terminals are being replaced today with powerful, multifunction personal computers. PCs offer all the advantages of terminals, but add personal and organizational productivity applications, such as word processing, spreadsheets, calendars, task lists, electronic mail, project management, legal research, presentation software, imaging, public access, etc. PCs replace proprietary systems with more effective tools at a lower cost and risk. The graphical user interface of the personal computer is easier to learn and use. Instead of typing lengthy commands or navigating complex menu structures, the user presses command keys and selects data from lists supplied on the screen. This new generation of tools can be tailored to the exact needs of modern court officials. Description There are five key components of a personal computer: processor, memory, storage devices, input and output devices, and networking equipment. The processor is the single chip in a personal computer that performs logic, computation, and decision-making operations. All other components exist to organize, store, and route data and instructions in support of these processor activities. The processor works with only a limited number of instructions and a small amount of data at any one time. It must work very rapidly (processing millions of instructions per second) to serve as a cost-effective alternative to human effort, because a simple manual operation may require dozens or hundreds of instructions when performed by a computer. The instructions and data are stored in the computer’s memory, where they are available as needed. Memory is the computer’s work area. Because it is relatively expensive and of insufficient capacity to store all the data and instructions needed, the personal computer uses storage devicesdisk and tapeto hold information that will not fit in memory. While these storage devices ar... Free Essays on big man Free Essays on big man Personal Computers Introduction Traditional computer terminals are being replaced today with powerful, multifunction personal computers. PCs offer all the advantages of terminals, but add personal and organizational productivity applications, such as word processing, spreadsheets, calendars, task lists, electronic mail, project management, legal research, presentation software, imaging, public access, etc. PCs replace proprietary systems with more effective tools at a lower cost and risk. The graphical user interface of the personal computer is easier to learn and use. Instead of typing lengthy commands or navigating complex menu structures, the user presses command keys and selects data from lists supplied on the screen. This new generation of tools can be tailored to the exact needs of modern court officials. Description There are five key components of a personal computer: processor, memory, storage devices, input and output devices, and networking equipment. The processor is the single chip in a personal computer that performs logic, computation, and decision-making operations. All other components exist to organize, store, and route data and instructions in support of these processor activities. The processor works with only a limited number of instructions and a small amount of data at any one time. It must work very rapidly (processing millions of instructions per second) to serve as a cost-effective alternative to human effort, because a simple manual operation may require dozens or hundreds of instructions when performed by a computer. The instructions and data are stored in the computer’s memory, where they are available as needed. Memory is the computer’s work area. Because it is relatively expensive and of insufficient capacity to store all the data and instructions needed, the personal computer uses storage devicesdisk and tapeto hold information that will not fit in memory. While these storage devices ar...

How to Manage and Identify American Beautyberry

How to Manage and Identify American Beautyberry Introduction: American beautyberry has colorful berries that last long into winter and are eaten by a variety of wildlife. Beautyberry has proven to be an attractive plant for wildlife within its native range.Birds - including robins, catbirds, cardinals, mockingbirds, brown thrashers, finches and towhees - are favorite consumers of both the fresh berries and shriveled raisins. The fruit is heavily used by white-tailed deer and will be eaten well into late November. Specifics: Scientific name: Callicarpa americanaPronunciation: kallee-CAR-pa ameri-KON-aCommon name(s): American beautyberry, beauty berry, French mulberry,USDA hardiness zones: 6 through 10Origin: native from Maryland to Florida an west through Tennessee, Arkansas and Texas.Uses: natural garden specimen; wildlife food; spring flowersAvailability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree. American Beautyberrys Ecology: Beautyberry commonly occurs on a wide variety of sites - moist to dry, open to shady. A favorite place for the American beautyberry is under open stands of pines. It is a pioneer and grows in newly disturbed forests, along forest margins and along fencerows. It is somewhat fire tolerant and increases in abundance after burns. Birds will readily spread seeds. Description: Leaf: Opposite, deciduous, ovate to broadly lanceolate, 6 to 10 inches long, margins coarsely serrate to crenate except near base and hairy beneath with prominent veins.Flower: Dense axillary clusters with lavender-pink cymes on short stalks.Trunk/bark/branches: Multi-trunked, shade tolerant and with spreading branches. Stems ascending and spreading, opposite branched and young twigs light green. Fruit: The berry is a drupe, purple to violet and particularly attractive in September and October. The showy fruit clusters encircle the entire stem at regular intervals starting in late summer and persist to early winter. Propagation: As I have mentioned, seeds are bird-dispersed and this seeding is a major way the plant spreads. You can also propagate using semi-hardwood cuttings. This shrub often volunteers within its range, sometimes with such vigor that the species can be considered a pest. What the Experts Say!: Dr. Mike Dirr, Professor of Horticulture, University of Georgia: It is a great thrill to experience the plant in the wild, particularly in September and October when the fruit are at their best. This shrub thrives with neglect.Dr. Charles Bryson, Mississippi Botanist:My grandfather would cut branches with the leaves still on them and crush the leaves, then he and his brothers would stick the branches between the harness and the horse to keep deerflies, horseflies and mosquitoes away. In Depth: American beautyberry has a coarse habit, large toothed green to yellow-green oval-shaped leaves that turn chartreuse in the fall. Small lilac flowers appear in late summer, and for the next several months, the fruit, which grow in clusters around the stem, ripen to a vibrant purple color. This woody shrub reaches 3-8 tall and is native to the southeast, where it will grow best in moist areas but can also withstand drought.In the landscape, you can prune Amercian beautyberry if it grows too lanky. Pruning actually makes a very pretty plant. Cut it back to within 4-6 of the ground in early spring as it flowers and fruits on new wood. To make more beautyberries, take softwood cuttings, place them in sand and keep moist. Cuttings should root in one to two weeks.This plant can tolerate extremes of heat and cold, it is very rarely bothered by insects or diseases and will live in most soils. Beautyberry can stand partial shade but is at its best in full sun if provided ample moisture. It wi ll also be denser and more fruitful in sun. American Beautyberry looks best planted in masses and is especially beautiful under pine trees or placed in a shrub border.By late summer and autumn the flowers give rise to berry-like drupes in striking metallic shades of magenta and violet in the fall. The beautyberries are packed tightly together in clusters that encircle the stem. A variety called lactea has white fruits.

Geometric model for motion of curves specified by acceleration Research Proposal

Geometric model for motion of curves specified by acceleration - Research Proposal Example The intention of this study a geometric model generally that deals with the kinematics of a one dimensional manifold in a higher dimensional space. The model is specified by acceleration fields which are local or global functions of the intrinsic quantities of the manifold. This research intends to examine the evolution of one dimensional manifold embedded in the Euclidean space as it evolves under a stochastic flow of diffeomorphisms. Within the manifold, motion depends on the intrinsic invariants immersed in the space. During the course of this research, we will obtain the system of differential equations that governs the motion of the curve, keeping in mind that the processes driving the stochastic flows are chosen to be the most common class of Gaussian processes with stationary increments in time, which is the family of fractional Brownian motions with Hurst parameter. A family of random mappings is called a stochastic (Brownian) flow and is formulated as follows: â€Å"É ¸st, 0 ÍŸ É ¸st, for each s ÍŸ É ¸ut Í ¦ É ¸su = É ¸st, for all s ÍŸ É ¸tt is the identity map on Rn for all t. É ¸s1t1, É ¸s2t2, †¦, É ¸sntn are independent if s1 ÍŸ Using some applications to give geometric meanings to each solution to the governing system of (Partial Differential Equations) PDE,s corresponding to the model length and local time investigated, this profile will also demonstrate how the geometric problem can be transformed to a fully nonlinear parabolic system of equations for the curvature, the position, and orientation. This research will also examine the primary curvature properties developed during the evolution of curves. Another facet of the study will explore the evolution of derive time equations using the Frenet frame. Further derive time equations will be determined regarding the intrinsic quantities satisfied by curves. The investigation will also propose a model using the solution of the evolution equation for the curvature and torsion and the Fundamental theorem for space curves to

Explore the relationship between the material and the spiritual in Essay

Explore the relationship between the material and the spiritual in Beowulf and The Millers Tale - Essay Example Geoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Miller’s Tale† is the second part of the Canterbury Tales and narrated by the alcoholic Miller and is a vulgar fable, depicting debauchery in contrast to the heroism underlined in Beowulf. Both Beowulf and the Miller’s Tale have been interpreted as using biblical analogies and allegories and the focus of this paper is to explore the relationship between the material and spiritual in Beowulf and the Miller’s Tale. If we firstly consider Beowulf , it is evident that the recurrent themes of war, tragedy and loss and military heroism are pertinent to historic patterns human behaviour whilst simultaneously providing a clear depiction of Anglo Saxon cultural norms. Moreover, French Historian de Certeau argues that â€Å"history aims at calming the dead who still haunt the present, and at offering them scriptural tombs† (Certau, 1998). Additionally, Certau highlights that the various themes and use of language in Beowulf convey the notion of inevitability through â€Å"labor of death and a labor against death† (Certau, 1998, p.5). This is further reflected in Beowulf by the denial of death and references to fear, loss and death. If we further consider the development of literary historicism, Foucault’s vision propounds that human behaviour is innately driven by motivation for power, which is clearly mirrored in Beowulf (Foucault, 1979, p22). Furthermore, in context of the medieval period within which Beowulf is set, there is clearly a dichotomy between philology, which studies the words and new historicism, which considers the historicism context (Frantzen, 1990, p114). Moreover, Philology posits that to understand people, the literary language must be understood whereas historicism indicates that to comprehend the language, the people must be understood for example the Anglo-Saxon gift culture represented assertion of

The communicative art of language a learning Essay Example for Free

The communicative art of language a learning Essay The existence of the diversity of Language made the communication ideas between people difficult enough because of language differences. It also affects the interaction of the teachers with their students who lacks the necessary need of the knowledge about the second language development. With these, a concept is made to introduce the process of acquiring language that involves the 5 major stages of language learning. The use of Language is a special human ability and the more advance use of it means to have added control to deal with the world where communication is the major outlet of understanding. Both in the lives of the children and the adults, there is a certain call to transmit the ideas and information they know and this is where the necessity to put all these into words and gestures comes in. One difficulty with language study is that, particularly, the learner has a language barrier that is uprooted from what is taught to them from the start. This scene occurs especially inside a classroom where a group of students could not process out what their instructor is saying due to the limited resources available to support the new language that are being introduced to them. From here, there is a concept developed to divert the second language acquisition to these students (from their teachers) which includes undergoing the five major stages of language learning that could be used as key concepts in applying the second language development in their very own classrooms. The Silent / Receptive or Preproduction Stage First of the five stages is the silent period that requires the skillful listening training. It is more focused on listening because in this early stage, students are not required to speak nor the teachers to force them to respond verbally. Here, gestures and facial expression is much needed by the students to show that they understand what is being said. Although there are some students who acquire enough self – confidence to produce their own generate language, it is best for them to give off some time understanding the new words or ideas to be receptive enough to them for further advance use. This stage usually can last from ten hours to six months, depending on the student’s capability to perceive. This initial stage shows the set-up wherein student starts to familiarize him / her self to the words or instructions offered to them and what it literally means. Though listening and understanding may be simple enough to do at the same time, students may face special conditions that may affect the usual length of time this stage may undergo. First, the environment could not be suitable enough for mere interaction as students may not apprehend the new language or what is being said because of the interference occurring around. He / she may not be comfortable enough to go along with the discussion and so as the lesson being taught to them. Second, the student could be directly affected by the personality of the speaker (which is the teacher) whose voice, gestures and presence are as often as the words being spoken. Thus there, this stage needs not only the adequate training for students but also of the teacher involve. Instructors could easily introduce the new language to the students at this early stage by doing the traditional teaching procedures such as; asking the students with queries that are subjected to be answerable with a yes or a no, initiate whole class activities that pose students to participate freely and willingly etc,. They could also encourage their students by letting them communicate on their own in form of games such as charades (which requires a lot of hand gestures and facial expressions). The Early Production Stage The early production stage enters when students could respond over 1000 active words and use them in everyday conversations. Awareness is needed in this stage because students are asked to speak in phrases or demonstrate what they know and even answering questions even with only one word. Soon students are given their freedom to relate their opinion over things with the kind of speech behavior with repetitive language patterns. Their words should be clear, precise and direct applying to the dialogue and questions asked to them. This second stage of language learning last an additional six months subsequent to the initial stage of training. But in this stage, there are things that may hinder the progress of the said language concept. One of these is that they may lose interest to respond simply because of the errors upon on their pronunciation of words or grammar. When they are corrected for over several times, the students may later learn not to respond anymore and could result into repeating again the first step of the conversation. Another is that the student may find it difficult to respond because of the lack of suitable to answer the questions being asked to them. Because of the demand to use what they have learned, they may be found it hard to alter the appropriate phrase the teacher had provided for them to respond with. The stage is eventually believed to be the first step for the development of speech usage in discussions and conversations and therefore, should be given enough time for the students to be able to understand again and again. Here, the teacher should be experimental in shifting working tactics to make learning a lot easier and fun. The teacher may ask the student certain things only answerable with a yes/ no, or just by giving short answers or in instances, requiring the students of their own opinion by nodding or shaking off their heads. With these, they would feel the security of being in a group that shares in a certain expression of thought.

Gender, Power, and Isolation in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong Essay

Gender, Power, and Isolation in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong  Ã‚   The cultural studies approach to an open text allows the reader to focus on the culture of a specified society. He/she can study the use of social effects and construction of reality on the people or land. "According to the Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature "cultural studies involve scrutinizing a cultural phenomenon and drawing conclusions about the changes in that phenomenon over a period of time" (Geurin 240)." When utilizing the cultural studies approach, the reader must search the whole text for an overall range of situations and reasons why culture would shape a society. This cultural evidence can be found in Tim O'Brien's "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" because of its wide use of gender construction, levels of power, and the theme of isolation.   One of the major concerns in "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" is gender construction--especially when it comes to females. How do we usually classify the differences between male and female? During the 1960's, great gender instability occurred. Men were viewed as the dominant, reliable, and powerful figure, while the women were more feminine, quaint, and soft-spoken. All of these characteristics are similarly traced in O'Brien's "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong". Although it was very unlikely, one of the men's girlfriends comes to stay with them in their perimeter. Tim O'Brien describes the appearance of Mary Anne Bell when he writes, "She had long white legs and blue eyes and a complexion like strawberry ice cream..." (93). Instantly, the reader takes note of the gender construction of females in the story and how they are supposed to be perceived. Mary Anne is a delicate figure who is caug... ...s would sometimes vanish for days at a time...moving like shadows through the moonlight," (92). The "Greenies" as the other men called them, became the major symbol of seclusion in the story. Although the soldiers were isolated from the reality of war, the physical and emotional affects of war were enough to disrupt the routine in their lives and create a new society in their surrounding environment.   The cultural studies approach is only one way of analyzing an open text such as the story "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong", but it is one of the best ways to determine the social actions of a society and the reasons for their cultural beliefs. Having knowledge of tools such as gender construction, levels of power, and the theme of isolation, the reader becomes personally involved with the characters and the ways in which they are coerced to live their lives.   

Nursing in Alabama

The focal point of this paper is to look into the aspects of nursing profession in Alabama. Nursing profession in Alabama could be regarded as a profession that is on a high note lately. In 2000 it was reported that there are about 41,500 nurses in Alabama who are legally licensed as RN or registered nurses. It is also reported that at current date there are about 85% of these nurses who are actively on the go with their profession and are employed with different agencies and institutions. This number is about 34,000 as on 2000. One interesting observation about the profession of nursing in Alabama is that the population per 100000 consist 765 registered nurses. This is lower than the national rate as it is 780 per 100000 people. (Sen, 2001) In the same year, 2000, the state of Alabama ranked quite well at 10 under the parameter of employment of vocational or licensed practical nurses among other states.   However, it should also be looked after that out of a population per 100000 individuals the total number of licensed practical nurses was 330. This was much higher than the national rate of licensed practical nurse at it stands at 240 per 100000 individuals. But when it comes to total number of licensed practical nurses Alabama scores average at 19th with the sum total being 15000 workers.   However, it should be mentioned that the number of nurse practitioners in 2000 in the state of Alabama was 1400 which is almost at par with the national index of nurse practitioners. . (Sen, 2001) Though it is true that Nursing salaries, like physician salaries, vary by experience, location and specialization it should be noted that on an average a nurse can earn $10-$20 per hour in Alabama, with an additional housing subsidy and this pay can get even higher in areas of high living like Chicago San Francisco or New York. It has been estimated that this amount can rise for traveling nurses to $24-$35 per hour and is almost double the amount of the average stationary nurse. For records, California offers the most number of jobs for traveling nurses. However, it should also be mentioned that the profession of traveling nurse is short termed and a part time job. Usually sums up to 3-4 months in a year or for 45 days on an average out of a year of 365 days. (Mukherjee, 2004) Education is a vital aspect in the field of nursing. MSN or Master of Science in Nursing Program follows a well formulated Terminal Objectives that is very relevant in both medical and administrative level. In general sense the MSN Terminal Objectives includes a general Administration-MSN Track followed by an Education or MSN Track. The next MSN Terminal Objectives that follow after these are The RN-MSN Degree and The Coordinated MSN or MBA Option followed by a Nursing Education Certificate Program. Next there is the UT Southwester Women’s Health Care Nurse Practitioner MSN Completion and The MSN-NP Degree. Shortly after this there is Admission to UT Tyler MSN, MSN or MBA, MSN or NP Programs. There is also a Policy for Non-Degree Seeking Students Procedure for Course Equivalency Determination. Last phase comes with the inclusion of MSN Progression, Thesis and Thesis or Professional Scholarship. (Roberts, 2005) The current workforce analysis of Nurses in Alabama as on 2005 was around 48,000 and at a national level this figure sums up to 1200000. In the same context it could be mentioned that the average salary of a regular nurse in Alabama is about $2500-$3000 which is practically at par with the national index of salary rate of nurses in the US. However, working conditions vary from state to state and Alabama ranks quite high in this respect positioned only second to California. Alabama provides a 7 hour per day shift with any one day in the week as off day for a nurse with free lodging available. (Anand, 2006) Training and education requirement for a nurse in Alabama include the MSN schedule and is regarded as the most essential aspect for getting a license. For sustaining this license or continuing education requirements are essential and there is always room for updated activity and a 3 week semester is available for the registered nurses per year. This semester in the on an average ranges around 2.5 weeks nationwide. However it should be noted that licenses are issued by the Alabama Authority for Care for nurses residing in Alabama whereas the central board of nursing is in based in New York under the name National Board of Registered Nurses. The licenses issued by NBRS-NY are valid all over the US. (Anand, 2006) In the context of Alabama the supply and demand curve of nurses is extremely favorable. At present there is a shortage of about 15% nurses in Alabama alone in respect to the license issued and active workforce. However, in the national context this data is more marginal as the difference between demand and supply of registered nurses is only 3.43%. (Anand, 2006) It should be remembered that the profession of nursing is a noble profession and to excel in it requires hard works with compassion and a favorable state would help this profession to flourish. The state of Alabama could be regarded as an ideal venue for nursing with its high demands.   (Podolski, 2006) References: Anand, M; (2006); US HealthCare Forum: Current Data & Analysis; IBL & Alliance Ltd. 452-461 Mukherjee, Sachin D; (2004); Thought Strategies; IBL & Alliance Ltd. 327 Podolski, V; (2006); Public Perception of Perceptions: An Approach Towards well being; IBL & Alliance Ltd. 87 Roberts, O M; (2005); Outline of Social care; National Book Trust 43 Sen, S; (2001); USA: Nursing Data; ABP Ltd. 98-101   

In the Eye of the Storm Critque Essay

In The Eye of the Storm filmed by ABC News in 1970, Jane Elliot, a teacher at Riceville Community Elementary School, puts her third grade students through an experiment to show them how horrible colored people were treated. Since 1968, Jane Elliot always has something planned for National Brotherhood Week. On Tuesday, Elliot segregates her class by the color of the students’ eyes. The brown-eyed kids were to wear special collars around their neck so they could be seen from afar. In this situation the blue-eyed kids were all around better than the brown-eyed. They got to sit in the front of the classroom, five extra minutes of recess, and went to lunch first. At recess, the brown-eyed kids were being teased by blue-eyed kids that were their best friends just a few hours before. After lunch and recess, Elliot discussed what was happening. She asked why and what was going on between friends because of the segregation. She watched her students change into discriminating little monsters in as short as one day. The next day, the brown-eyed are treated with respect instead of the blue-eyed. The blue-eyed realized that it wasn’t very fair, and apologized to the brown-eyed for the day before. Jane Elliot got her point across and asked one more favor from her students; simply respect the colored. Jane Elliot accomplished exactly what she wanted; to show her students the under treated side of segregation. One strategy that Elliot used is figurative language. She argues the idea of segregation and teaches her students how people felt and how they will always feel if the color of their skin differs. Elliot’s lesson was strongly supported by cause and effect. In the classroom situation, having brown eyes lead to being treated poorly. The blue-eyed changed into completely different kids once they were declared the â€Å"better† party. Classification is the major strategy used. Jane Elliot classified or grouped her students according to the characteristic of eye color. One group, the blue-eyed, was considered superior. The other group, the brown-eyed, were under treated and had very few privileges. By using these example strategies, and more, Jane Elliot taught her students the many disadvantages of having colored skin and she leaves her students wanting to respect all people, disregarding their physical features. Teaching me how quickly people can be judged, I enjoyed watching this film. Even though the problem of segregation by skin color isn’t as strong in our period of time, I would still recommend this short movie to teenagers. Teens tend to immediately judge people by appearance rather than personality and it’s just not fair. For example, in the movie, the children were judged in a matter of seconds because of the collar around their neck. In our world today, people are judged by the style of their hair, the price of their clothes, and more accessories that really shouldn’t matter to others. Before the lesson, blue-eyed kids all had brown-eyed friends. During the lesson the two parties were fighting like nobody’s business. This shows how quickly you can lose yourself and people that you care about. This also happens in the typical high school world. Friends go off and try new things and they stop caring about people they were once close with because two different paths of life were taken. I just think that people should do what they want, but never lose the touch of true friends no matter their appearance and judgments made by others. The true friends will never fail to have your back as long as you have theirs.

Korean war essay

Korean war essay Korean War Essay Korean War EssayCounting the years, it is possible to mention that it passed more than sixty years since the beginning of the war on the Korean peninsula. But to this day in the West and in Japan there is a myth that North Korean troops attacked first. This â€Å"thesis† was also heard recently on some Russian TV channels. However, even a small excursion into the postwar 1945 shows that originally, the U.S. authorities and a group of Korean collaborators were very interested in the escalation of the conflict in the region. On the one hand, it can be explained by the fact that being located on the Korean peninsula, the U.S. government could control the entire Southeast Asia, including the eastern part of the Soviet Union and China, which were the main geopolitical rivals to Washington. But on the other hand, there is another point of view on the war, and Sandler stated that â€Å"it would seem that there could be little dispute of the basic fact that the Korean People’s Army of the Democratic Republic of Korea invaded the Republic of Korea. But as early as 1952 the â€Å"independent† journalist, I.F. Stone, claimed that the accepted version was really all wrong, that South Korea had actually invaded the North, or at the least, that the North Korean invasion was an exasperated response to southern provocation and cross-border attacks†.[1] Of course, there are as many opinions as there are many commentators on the events of the past. By the way, many historians often refer to the Korean War as something forgotten, even naming it â€Å"the forgotten war,† but none war should be forgotten because every war takes many people lives, influencing the course of the history and changing destinies; so, we are going to explore the Korean war with all the necessary details in the body of this assignment. The thesis statement is the next: the Korean War occupies its significant place between the World War II and the Vietnam War, and every co untry that was involved in the war has the own attitude to the events and protects the own version of the history; so, the war happened and the conflict existed, while the roots of its beginning and its consequences are interpreted in different ways.In the historical books the Korean War lies between the great drama of the World War II and the Vietnam War. Shortly describing the Korean War for the purpose to give the war a first description, we may say that it was the first armed confrontation of the Cold War, which lasted just over the three years (from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953). And the conflict erupted between the North Korea and the South Korea; however, it is quite often seen as a war between the U.S. and its allies against the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union. To acknowledge this statement, we can use Brune’s and Higham’s words, who said that â€Å"finally, the Korean War brought direct conflict between U.S. and communist forces, a si tuation avoided in Europe throughout the cold war†. [2]The above made description can be explained by the fact that the Korean War was by its essence an armed conflict between the Korean Democratic People’s Republic (North Korea) and China (supported by the Soviet Union), on the one hand, and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and a coalition of several UN countries led by the U.S., on the other hand. So, it can be mentioned that not only Korea was involved in the own war because many other countries had their political and economic interests there. Moreover, the Korean War was a bloody three-year civil slaughterhouse between North Korea and South Korea in fact, a single country that was divided between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, while the country was also used as a testing ground for reconnaissance. As a result of the war, neither side achieved what it wanted, and the state border stayed on the 38th parallel. Informally, the war lasts even to this day, in the sam e form as the Cold War was hold.Observing the beginning of the war, it becomes obvious that small and modest Korea rarely could solve anything by itself in a world where it was everywhere surrounded by too smart neighbors. So, for the purpose to put a dominance over the country Americans had developed a secret plan for the outbreak of the war on the peninsula, which would also allow to discredit not only North Korea but also the ideas of socialism and communism in general, labeling them as aggressive. It was made by the reason that the United States was imperative to establish itself as the main fighter in the world â€Å"for the ideals of freedom and democracy,† which, naturally, facilitated their way into new markets in Africa, Asia and Latin America. There was an increase in sympathy for the Soviet Union: the rapid pace of reconstruction without any outside help testified about the benefits of a planned economy on the free market.In addition, to complete the work of NATO, established in April 1949, there was needed a precedent that would demonstrate the effectiveness of the new alliance. After that, the U.S. would be able to successfully manipulate the countries of the Western Europe by drawing them into long-term â€Å"strategy of containment.† Moreover, the U.S. has created a secret group on national security, which was led by a former banker from the Wall Street, and this group has been working on creating substantiation of future military aggression and determined the states that were appropriate for this aim. So, everything is not as simple with the Korean War as it very often presented in media and popular books on history because the United States being governed by very talented leaders was trying to provide the own dominance all over the world in all possible ways, including the use of special secret technologies and creating secret groups of the best professionals for these purposes. And finally, the result of successful advocacy camp aign of the United States can be seen in the fact that even today many people believe to the official reason for the war, which to this day hold in many countries: North Korea started the war.In addition, there is no necessity to blame the United States in all evils, including the beginning of the Korean War because every country protects its interests, and the United States is not an exception. It should be noted that North Korea with the Soviet Union’s support conducted reorganization of the army and also prepared for the conflict. Initially, both the Soviet Union and North Korea assumed that separation of the 38th parallel was temporary, and the two Koreas would be able to unite their territories and forces at the end. However, in 1948, South Korea proclaimed its independence. Those days leader really feared the growth of patriotic and anti-American sentiments, so he tried to usurp the executive power in the country. The United States went to meet these new steps because t hey believed such a policy to be productive to achieve their goals. In response, North Korea also had to declare its sovereignty.Incidentally, the theme of the Korean War is still an important fact of the history because this conflict can be considered practically the beginning of the Cold War (the famous Fulton speech of Winston Churchill sounded back in 1946). And as it was described above, in this war, the United States followed a policy of double standards which was characterized by a big portion of cynicism. The U.S. created a special force to conduct psychological operations especially for the Korean War.Thinking about the significance of the Korean War and its consequences in the broader context of history, we may say that firstly, the Korean War was really significant in the context of the Cold War. To explain, the war on the Korean Peninsula was the first â€Å"hot war† during the Cold War. Secondly, one of its main outcomes was that the Americans decided not to use nuclear weapons during the confrontation. When the Chinese entered the war, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur demanded a nuclear strike on China. But then the U.S. President Harry Truman did not accept the proposal, believing that it would be an unnecessary war at the wrong time against the wrong enemy. Then the only enemy against whom Washington considered possible to use nuclear weapons was the Soviet Union. Simultaneously, the U.S. wanted at all costs to hold back the spread of Soviet influence on Third World countries. As a result, from 1945 to 1991 there was unleashed about 150 local wars between two rival blocs across the planet.[3]Moreover, it can be also added that the Korean War played its own role in strengthening the relations and union between North Korea and China. When the leader of North Korea asked Stalin to support a unifying war on the Korean peninsula, the Soviet Union’s leaders said â€Å"yes†, but he also made it clear that in a case when the North Ko rean troops need help, they will have to apply for it in China. So, the Korean leader traveled to China and asked for a help there, and that help was needed as early as in October 1950, when the South Korean army and UN troops approached the shore of the river on the border with China. Moreover, the so-called Chinese people’s volunteers, despite their huge losses, helped the North Koreans regain their territory and push the front line below the 38th parallel. Disposing near the border, opposing sides ended hostilities after awhile.To continue, if not the Chinese intervention, the war would have ended in November 1950, and the regime of Kim Ir-Sen would not exist at all. Of course, the Soviet Union also helped Pyongyang, but the help was not so big, such as air support by fighters flown by Soviet pilots. But the decisive factor was the will to fight, despite the losses. By the way, the UN forces lost about 37,000 soldiers, the Chinese a few hundred thousand, and the North Kor eans millions.And finally, even today the Korean War left a trace in hearts of millions of Korean people, but the attitude to it has different manifestations in North and South Korea. For instance, even now in South Korea, the war is not a thing of the past. Everything that happens in the country has a direct attitude to the Korean War or is its consequence. If we go down to the border with North Korea, it is easy to find that South Korea is in a constant state of operational readiness, South Korea is always ready to defend its borders and citizens. Yes, today the debate died down a bit, but the conflict remains in everyone’s subconscious.In a case of North Korea, the Korean War is one of the myths that hold the state itself. According to this myth, the South Koreans, instigated by the Americans attacked the only legitimate regime in Korea and destroyed the country. That war is used to justify any military and political actions of the North Korean leadership, including nucle ar-missile tests, as Pyongyang considers that it is constantly threatened from outside. Ordinary citizens have to believe what they are told by the state media. And according to official version, in 1950, People’s Republic of China was attacked by the enemies, while the North Koreans were forced to protect themselves, and they won the war through military achievements of their leadership and allies.In conclusion, we have researched a lot of facts about the Korean War, beginning with the roots of the conflict, mentioning the interests of different countries in deadlock correction, and ending with the consequences of the war to both Koreas, and their allies. We have also proved that the war took away millions of lives, and it was a kind of â€Å"hot war† in the frames of the Cold War. So, we can not ignore the Korean War, naming it â€Å"the forgotten war† because the Korean War was the first local armed conflict between western and socialist blocks in the nuclear age, in which participation of superpowers was limited by the reason that it was extended to a limited area and not accompanied by the use of weapons of mass destruction.[1] Stanley Sandler, The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished (London: UCL Press, 1999), p. 47.[2] Lester H. Brune and Robin Higham, The Korean War: Handbook of the Literature and Research (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996), p. 35.[3] Brune and Higham, 136.

Seven Writing Tips from Stephen King

Seven Writing Tips from Stephen King Seven Writing Tips from Stephen King Seven Writing Tips from Stephen King By Daniel Scocco You probably know Stephen King from his novels and fiction books. While King might not be as renowned as some other contemporary writers, he does know how to sell books. The Positivity Blog recently published an article with Seven writing tips coming from Stephen Kings On Writing. Here is a quotation from point four: King has an honest voice in his fiction and in his memoir. He tells it like it is and makes us relate to him and his characters. Since King ´s fiction often is of an odd kind with strange plots that seldom happen to normal people I think one of his strengths as a writer is being able to write relatable content anyway. One of the keys to doing that is to have an honest voice and honest characters with both bad and good sides to them. People we can relate to with all of their faults, passions, fears, weaknesses and good moments. King ´s characters seem human. That creates a strong connection to the reader who starts caring about the characters. Another key to being honest and relatable is keeping a conversational style. Keeping it simple and using language that isn’t unnecessarily complicated. Using the words that first come to mind. If you are wondering, the seven writing tips are: Get to the point Write a draft. Then let it rest Cut down your text Be relatable and honest Don ´t care too much what others may think Read a lot Write a lot Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersTime Words: Era, Epoch, and EonDozen: Singular or Plural?

The Logic and Evidental Problem of Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Logic and Evidental Problem of Evil - Essay Example All materials presented in this paper will come from class notes and a secondary source. Logical Problem of Evil Atheist J.L Mackie presented this argument where he argued that there is a contradiction between the existence of God and the existence of evil (Kelly 218). Mackie formulated his argument that there seems to be an evident contradiction between four main premises. One of them is that God is an omnipotent (Kelly 219). This premise translates that God is all-powerful, meaning that he is supposed to have the power of eliminating all evil that exists in this world (Meister 132). The second premise is that God is an omniscient. This second premise translates that God is all-knowing, meaning that he could have the ability to detect the occurrence and existence of evil in order to prevent or eliminate it. The third premise according to Mackie is that God is Omni-benevolent (Meister 132). This argument translates that God is all-good, meaning he would have the will to prevent all t he evils from happening in this world (Meister 132). The fourth premise indicates that evil and suffering exists in this world (Meister 132). This premise translates that there is evidence of moral and natural evil existence in this world. Reflecting on all of the above four premises Mackie concluded that God does not exist. The above four premises leads to a contradiction between the existence if evil and God. This derives to a point that God does not exist. For example, it is easy to reject the premise that God is omnipotent. This is because if God is not able to stop evil and most importantly know before it occurs in order to do something to stop it, then probably there is no God. There is also a possibility to reject the second premise; God is omniscient, by stating that if God is really all knowing, he could have the ability to stop evil. The above information indicates that no one is able to know what individuals can do even God himself. Moreover, this means that if God does e xist, evil occurs and surprises even him. It is also possible to reject the third premise indicating that God is Omni-benevolent. This is because if God is perfect good, he ought to have the ability of knowing when evil might occur and then have the power to stop it. However, it seems that God does not care about evil and possible he does not have the ability to stop it. Rejecting the first three premises translates into the fourth one, evil and suffering exists, and therefore giving a possible conclusion that there is no God. The Evidential Argument One of the well-known individuals who have firmly supported the evidential argument is William Rowe (Kelly 220). Through the evidential argument, Rowe and many other philosophers argue that much of the evils that people experiences in this world seem to be pointless. Rowe presented his arguments on four main statements. One of the statements indicated â€Å"E†, is an evil that no one established its justifier. However, many peopl e especially philosophers have been trying to find the justifier without any success. The second statement according to Rowe shows there is a high probability â€Å"E† has no justifier. The third statement indicates that if there are some evil that depict to have no justifier, then all the facts presented on theism about God depicts to be false (Meister 135). The fourth statement as presented by Rowe then concludes there is a high probability that theism is false. According the above statements

Mass Strikes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mass Strikes - Essay Example In this paper, the writer addresses several issues relating to Workmates 2011. It discusses how and why the 1990s London tube workers organized themselves against threatened privatization, and increasing precarity. It further discusses why the workers’ preferred using outside contractors at the expense unions. As part of this paper, the reasons for the growing ineffectiveness of the workers’ unions, the reasons of organizing outside them, and the new strategies the organizations have developed to address decrease in union power are also discussed in the paper. Introduction The decreasing power of track maintenance workers’ union of London in 1990s, threatened it being outsourced to a private contractor under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme (Ellman, 2010 p7). This new strategy was introduced to cut production cost, by introducing competitive tendering by private contractors to perform the work, which was earlier done by the firms themselves. In addition, i t was focused to replace relative job security with insecure and temporary employment that was widespread under â€Å"flexible labor market†, and undercut terms and conditions of London Underground staff (Gall, 2003 p79). The 1990s London Underground workers were organized under Rail, Maritime and Transport Union (RMT). Casual staff and third-party contractors were, however, typically not unionized. Private contractors such as RMT, anarchist, and Andy began to use anarcho-syndicalist tactics like on-the-job direct and mass meeting actions to counteract divisions between non-union and union workers, and build resistance to the increasing outsourcing and privatization on the London Underground (McIlroy, 1995 p97). This tactic was mainly focused to divide and rule workforce. Divide and rule of the workforce led to the formation of Workmates collective in late 1998 and early 1999. The first Workplace group was established in London maintenance depot. Policies of the Workplace gro up allowed all workers to join this group no matter of their union membership. It also set to organize meetings on shop floors, with the workers themselves as the members (Solidarity Federation, 2011 p4). The workmate collective took effect with a delegate council structure, which was set to function for 18 months. Within a period of 18 months, which ran up to mid-2000, members of the workmate collective organized several mass strikes, of which several ones were successful, and this created staff turnover. However, shop meetings were continued, and any worker was allowed to join this group despite of her or his union organization (Solidarity Federation, 2011 p4). Threatened Privatization London Underground drafted and introduced its â€Å"Company Plan† in the early 1990s. This plan was intended to bring a number of changes such as changing industrial relations structures, getting rid of some established perks, and reviewing worker’s terms and conditions (Eur, 2002 p608 ). Additionally, the plan brought recruitment of new workers into stop, since new staff requirements were brought in as outsourced contractors. The new policies were focused on incorporating private sector norms into the firm, so that they would become more attractive to private capital (Eur, 2002 p610). Workers union such as RMT strongly opposed the new Company plan, but they

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Essay Example An organization has to satisfy these needs if it wants to achieve efficiency from its customers (Bateman and Snell, 2013). It is important to denote that the satisfaction of these needs must be done in a hierarchical order. Starting with the most important need, that is need for survival; up to the least important need that is the need of self-actualization. Another theory is the ERG theory by Aldefer. According to this theory, an individual has three important needs that an organization must satisfy in order to motivate them. These needs are the desire to exist, relate and grow. According to this theory, these needs change as the position of an employee progresses (Tracy, 2013). Existence encompasses the desire to satisfy basic human needs such as food, shelter and clothing. Relatedness is the desire of an employee to form associations with employers, co-workers, and family members (Dessler, 2013). Growth is the desire of an employee to achieve his or her ambitions. McClelland needs theory is another theory of motivation. According to this theory, the needs of an individual are acquired over time, and it is their experiences that shape these needs. McClelland identifies three needs, which are achievement, affiliation and power. This theory is often referred to as the three needs theory. Under achievement, an individual takes a calculated risk to accomplish their goals. They tend to avoid high risks situations, because success there comes as a chance. They also tend to avoid low risk situations because there is no guarantee of success (Fa?bregas and Scalise, 2012). With affiliation, comes the desire of an individual to create relationships. On this basis, an individual favors collaborations, as opposed to competition. The individual also desires power. Under this need, two types of power exists, institutional and personal (Walters, 2010). Personal power involves the need to control friends, and family members. While institutional is the need to control organiza tions. The motivator-hygiene model theory is also another example of a motivational theory. According to this theory, an organization needs to understand the factors that cause an employee to be motivated, and ones that cause the same employee to be de-motivated. This theory denotes that factors that motivate an employee can change over a period of time, and settings of work (Ryan, 2012). However, the need of respect cannot change. It is the most motivating factor at any given point of an individual’s life. This theory further denotes that in an organization, there is an aspect of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Managers must put all this in consideration while formulating policies. The final theory is the equity theory of motivation. This theory explains that the motivation of employees come as a result of perceptions in relation to the fairness in which an organization treats its various employees (Schunk, 2012). This theory denotes that individuals value fairness, and th is makes them to have motivation. Of these theories, the most important theory of motivation is the Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Model. This is because the theory is practical and identifies two factors that an organizations needs to consider while developing human resource policies.

What are the trends and problems of Indias Balance Of Payments

What are the trends and problems of Indias Balance Of Payments Balance of Payments (BOP) of a country shows its economic strengths and weaknesses. Most of the developing countries are deficit in their Balance of Accounts, India being no exception. Since independence, India has been facing this deficit or disequilibrium in terms of BOP, largely observed as a disaster in 1990-91, the year of the severe BOP crisis. At that time, India had foreign exchange reserve of meager 1 billion dollar, hardly sufficient to finance a months import bill. The nation was on the edge of defaulting. This crisis resulted in large scale amendments in the countrys economic policy, particularly known as the Structural Adjustment Program or New Economic Policy (NEP) regime, center of attention being liberalization and globalization of the economy. We opted for a very vigilant approach and at present after having surmounted the initial glitches of a newly liberalized economy, we have a somewhat comfortable BOP condition. Even though we have arrived at a comfortable BOP position showing signs of a strong rising economy, BOP management still remains a tough walk for policy makers for taking any discussion, as now we are uncovered to each and every change in the global economic set-up. Trends problems of Indias BOP 1949-50 to 1999-2000 The disequilibrium in Indias BOP has been accounted to both internal as well as external factors. The requirement for development of such a big nation with a large population is one of the main factors resulting in recurring BOP problem. The BOP is always under some pressure and had large deficits due to high level of imports of food grains and capital goods, the profound external borrowings, their payment and poor exports. After independence, the primary challenge in front of the country was to attain economic growth with social justice. Indias aim after accomplishing independence was to achieve economic self- reliance. For this the country had to strike both the internal as well as the external resources. Not only our technology but our food availability was also on the backward stage. Hefty amounts of food grains had to be imported to supply the demand of such a large population. Protectionist Policies The main intention of the Second Five Year Plan (1956-57 to 1960-61) was to achieve self reliance through industrialization. Self reliance was to be realized through import substitution. For this, essential industries had to be established which required import of capital goods. Exports were anticipated to take-off by own with advent of industrialization. It was felt that with advent of industrialization, there will be an increase in production at home that will be reflected in greater export earnings. The approach for import substitution was based on physical- interventionist, non-price policies like quotas, licensing and other physical ceilings on imports. Heavy capital goods were imported however other imports were relentlessly restricted to shut off competition for promoting domestic industries. Mainly focus was on import substitution, with gross disregard of exports. These inward looking protectionist policies did resulted in some self-reliance in the consumer goods industries, but most of the capital goods industries remained majorly import intensive. The elevated degree of protection to Indian industries resulted in to inefficiency and poor quality products basically due to lack of competition. The high cost of production further wrinkled our competitive strength. Rise in petroleum products demand, harvest failure, two oil shocks, all put acute strain on the economy. The BOP condition remained weak for the period of 1980s, till it arrived at the crisis situation in 1990-91; When India was on the brink of defaulting mainly due to intense debt burden and continually widening trade deficit. External Debt India had been an exercising choice to large scale foreign borrowings for its developmental activities in the field of fundamental social and industrial infrastructure. The countrys reserves were very much restricted due to low level of per capita income and savings. The situation aggravated because Government of India resorted to large amounts of foreign borrowings to rectify the BOP situation in the short run out of frightening condition. With Seventh Five Year Plan, the debt service obligations increased sharply due to stiffer average provisions of external debt, including repayments to the IMF, commercial borrowing, and a drop in concessional aid flow. Export Promotion Even though by the Sixth Five Year Plan we had overcome the need of food grain imports and some crude oil was also produced domestically, BOP position was still not at ease attributed to low exports. The essential need for promoting export was realized during the 1960s. The Third Five Year Plan commenced certain promotion policies pertaining to export like tax exemptions, duty drawbacks, cash compensatory schemes, Rupee devaluation etc. However it didnt showed significant improvements in exports. Indian exports depended largely on situation of world trade. We were chiefly primary product exporters, for which fluctuations in prices are very high in entire world market demand. Primary products exporting countries generally have unfavorable term of trade. The incomes from primary product exports were unstable and low. Secondly, the Indian products were not up to the mark in terms of quality and standard to sustain in world market. Third, mainly residue products were exported. The fact that export earnings contribute significantly to economic development was disregarded. Cumbersome procedures, rules and regulations for license etc served as disincentives for exporters. Domestic inflation further diminished the competitiveness of Indias export. Exchange Rate The fluctuation in the exchange value of the rupee was another posing problem. The steady devaluations (to promote exports) enhanced the amount of external debt. The value of rupee was administered by the central bank (fixed exchange rate). The considerable gap between official and market exchange rate generated difficulties for the exporters and importers. The stringent foreign exchange controls also persuaded Hawala trade. Trends in Indias BOP (2000-2010) The benefits of foreign trade were overlooked year after year. Indian entrepreneurs were withdrawing with low-priced, outdated technology and demolishing subsidies, generating a heavy national burden of large ailing public sector undertakings. Despite acting through an incentive based approach, government protection in fact damaged our industrial growth. The New Economic Policy of the nineties targeted for opening up of the economy, to permit free trade and competition and condense the role of government considerably in foreign trade issues. Restrictions on international trade were detached, foreign investments were allowed and a completely new Liberalized Exchange Management System was brought in to garner the benefits of competition and offset the drawbacks of a closed, inward looking trade policy. The alterations towards liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy were conceded out very vigilantly in phases. Foreign Investment India effectively attracted Foreign investors to the country with its earnest positive economic transforms like reduced cumbersome formalities and other paperwork. From a scanty US$103 million   net foreign investment in the year 1990-91, it has grown to us$ 8669 million   in 2008-09. Foreign investments kept the country buoyant during the recent global meltdown period. Because the consequences of recession were worst in the developed countries, the investors turned to the less affected rising economies like China and India. While initially foreign investment in the country did slow down significantly due to risk repugnance in the phase of the recession, but it picked up over again because rising economies like India and China were quick to execute corrective procedures to fight recession, showing creditable elasticity to the recession which badly affected the much developed economies. There was massive turn down in net capital flows from US $ 106.6 billion in 2007-2008 (8% of GDP) to US $ 7.2 billion (0.6 % of GDP) IN 2008-09. The turn down was mainly due to net outflows under portfolio investment. Despite this, the FDI inflow remained floating at US $ 21.0 billion during Apr Sept. 2009 as against US $ 20.7 billion in Apr.-Sept. 2008. FDI inflow has been primarily in communication services, manufacturing, and real estate sector. Current Account of BOP The current account of BOP consists of the merchandise trade (export and import) and the invisibles (services, transfers etc.). The liberalized policy and reasonably hassle free formalities for export and imports have provided a push to our export industries as well as industries catering to domestic demands. Exports and imports both witnessed double digit growth rate. India is now a principally manufactured goods and services exporter deriving benefits from a better term of trade, as compared to what it was earlier, primary goods exporter, prior to 1991. The contribution of Indias exports in world trade has increased from 0.7 % in 2000 to 1.2 % in 2008. Services too have extended to various fields catering to both domestic and international consumers. The current account balance broadened in 2008-09 (-2.4 % of GDP) compared to that of 2007-08 (-1.3% of GDP) attributed to recession, but it was sustainable. The external demand shock resulted in to the decline of export growth from 57 % in April-June08 to (-) 8.4 % in Oct- Dec08 and further to (-) 20 % in January-March09, a decline for the first time since 2001-02. Imports too turn downed similarly due to domestic industrial demand and sharp fall in international crude oil and some other primary commodity prices. Indias net invisibles rose by 18.7% in 2008-09. With the economy (domestic as well as global) getting its pace of momentum once again, there is hope of glare once again in the trade and financial world. India having cruised reasonably successful through the uneven scrap of recession can look further to garnering greater profit from world market, at least till the time the developed economies which were poorly affected by recession, revitalize fully. In short, the situation of BOP is quite well administered and contented. However, lessons from the occurrences of the financial crises taking place in various parts of the world from time to time, we are required to continue our vigilant approach towards BOP management. The country cannot meet the expense of a setback to its economic growth attained through large scale changes in national economic policies. India indeed has arrived a long way from the time of the days of the protectionist policies, but there is a lot to be accomplished yet, particularly in the sector of infrastructure, in order to become a strong economy.